CHAMPAGNE HOUSE TARLANT

| By Nana Jojishvili

Benoit Tarlant
Wine region: Champagne/France

130 Kilometres Northwest of Paris, in the village of Oeuilly, situated on the bank of Marne River lies the Champagne House Tarlant where they make qvevri champagne. A car journey from Eperney to Oeuilly takes 10 minutes, on foot however, if like me, you decide to sightsee the vineyards, it will take 3 hours. The golden bubbles first appeared in a place of great tradition- Champagne House Tarlant in the year 1687. Nowadays, the wine making traditions are carried on by the 12th generation representatives -Benoit Tarlant and his sister Melanie, who cultivate the 16ha vineyard organically.

The vineyards are distributed over 32 areas, on 7 of these, various grape varieties have been planted. The winery only produces Brut Natur type of champagne, 90% of which is aged in casks and 10% in clay vessels.

I tasted Tarlantโ€™s qvevri Champagne for the first time in 2018, Dusseldorf, at โ€œPro Wine,โ€ at that time I was with a friend of mine who was working on his bachelorโ€™s thesis on qvevri wine and was searching for a winery which brought qvevries from Georgia to Europe and made wine in this very vessel. At first, I found it hard to believe, when at the exhibition, in the Champagne section I noticed a sign written in Georgian โ€“ โ€œแƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ(Champagne), since due to the regulations I could not imagine how legitimate the existence of champagne in a qvevri could be.

The Road of qvevries from Georgia to Champagne

Benoit Tarlant first tasted Georgian wine in 2012, London, at the โ€œRaw Wineโ€ festival. Later, together with OIC MSc group (OIV MSc in wine management) he visited Georgia. With the help of Georgian friends -Qeti Berishvili (Gogo Wine) and late Soliko Tsaishvili he learned a lot about qvevri wine. Soon after his visit to Georgia, began the long road of Georgian qvevries to Champagne, which he refers to as โ€œthe epic journey.โ€ He had no idea how many truck-loaded qvevries, delayed on the road for a very long time, would survive the journey to reach his cellar. This was followed by solving bureaucratic issues with French customs; however, all ended well and so began a great and fascinating road of experiments.

Q: Mr. Benoit, what was your first qvevri champagne like and how was it received by the French?

A: The first qvevri champagne was juicy, with aromas of apricot, almond, and honey, with a creamy structure. To this day, the attitude of the French towards the qvevri champagne is varied. Many oppose this method, some- do not care, as for those, that like me, are of curious nature, they are thrilled after tasting it.

We use short maceration when making qvevri Champagne, we mostly ferment the juice. We give priority to Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier grape varieties. In our cellar, there are 9 qvevries of a 350L, 500L, 700L and 1000L capacity, which came from Imereti, Georgia. In Autumn, during the harvest, we wash the qvevries with hot water and a brush. Because of my physique, I only wash large qvevries, and the smaller ones are washed by my children with whom I will most definitely visit Georgia.

Q: How much is your qvevri champagne and does the number of consumers increase annually?

A: Qvevri champagne consumers belong to a category who are fascinated by innovations, and wine made using different technologies. The price of one bottle is 100 Euros, the demand is stable. The name of our champagne is Argilite. However, on the label โ€œแƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ” 1968 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€ (Champagne Tarlant, Viticulturist From 1968) is written in Georgian font, so aside from the beauty of qvevri Champagne they can also discover the beauty of the Georgian font as well.

It is truly a very peculiar and at the same time thrilling feeling, when at Tarlantโ€™s winery, during a tasting, you see a Champagne bottle in front of you that should have no other connection than that of Champagne, but then you look at the Georgian writing on the label and the Georgian alphabet gives you the sense of being at home. After, Georgia somehow expands and reaches Champagne, and the people you are with, become very familial to you. You realize that these qvevries, in this house in Champagne, where they hold wine culture and tradition in high regard, are very organic and familial too. When the true wizards of wine are telling you that โ€œif the ancient culture of Georgian wine hadnโ€™t existed, there would be no champagne today.โ€


แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜: แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜/แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜.

แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ— 130 แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒš แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— 10 แƒฌแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—. แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—, 3 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜. แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒš แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 1687 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒแƒฅ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ – แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ – แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช 16 แƒฐแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 32 แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช 7 แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ Brut Natur แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก 90% แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, 10% แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒญแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ 2018 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒคแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒญแƒฃแƒ แƒญแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ.
แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ – โ€œแƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ.

แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒš Raw Wine-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ OIV Msc แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ (OIV MSc in Wine Managment) แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก – แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก (Gogo Wine) แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกโ€˜โ€˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.

Q: แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ?

A: แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฌแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ: แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒก, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก – แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ.

แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ 9 แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก – 350, 500, 700, 1000 แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•, แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.

Q: แƒ แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ?

A: แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ 100 แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒก โ€œแƒแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”โ€ แƒฐแƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ” 1968 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€œ; แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœ.

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜; แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก; แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฎแƒแƒ , แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ: โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜โ€.

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